Medically reviewed by Dr. Simon Khela, GMC Registered
Member of the Royal College of General Practitioners
Last reviewed: 08-06-2026
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Allergic rhinitis is an allergy that causes nasal congestion, sneezing, itchy eyes, and a runny nose. It can be present seasonally or all year round and is a problem for millions of people throughout the UK. It doesn't matter whether symptoms manifest during the pollen season or persist year-round; the condition can impair sleep, concentration, and quality of life. This article explains the symptoms of allergic rhinitis as well as their causes, diagnosis, and treatment options, as well as the possibility of being completely cured.
Allergy rhinitis can be described as an allergic reaction that develops because the immune system reacts to harmless allergens in the air, such as dust mites, pollen, mould spores, or pet dust. It causes inflammation in the nose and can cause symptoms like sneezing, congestion, and itchy and dry eyes. It is not contagious and doesn't usually trigger the appearance of a fever.
If allergens in the nose and the immune system respond, it releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals. These chemicals cause the symptoms typically caused by allergies.
No. Hay Fever is one form of allergic rhinitis that is caused by pollen exposure during the winter months. Allergic rhinitis is a broader medical term that covers all kinds of seasonal allergies as well as the year-round allergy that is caused by indoor allergens.
For more information on pollen-related allergies, read our guide to hay fever.
Allergic rhinitis is among the most frequent allergies in the UK. Allergy UK estimates that it has a prevalence of around 26% in adults and a few percent in children. The UK is also home to one of the highest percentages of allergens in the world, and cases have increased substantially in recent decades.
Allergy rhinitis is usually classified based on the trigger and how frequently symptoms are experienced. Knowing the kind of allergic rhinitis you suffer from will help you determine treatments and avoidance strategies for allergens.
The symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis are seen during certain seasons in which pollen levels increase. Pollen from trees typically affects people during spring, while grass and weed pollens are more prevalent in the summer and late spring.
The symptoms include itchy eyes or noses, a runny nose, and congestion. The allergic rhinitis form is often referred to as Hay fever.
It is a common occurrence that manifests throughout the year, rather than in a specific season. The most common triggers are house dust mites, mould spores, and a few workplace allergens.
Because allergens like these remain inside, the symptoms may persist throughout winter and can be more severe at home or in the evening. Consistent constipation, postnasal drip, and insomnia are all prevalent.
The ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) classification aids doctors in evaluating the severity of symptoms.
It is possible to classify symptoms as moderate or severe based on the degree to which they impact school, work, and other daily activities.
Allergy rhinitis symptoms manifest after exposure to allergens, triggering inflammation in the nose and tissues surrounding it. The most common symptoms are sneezing, itching, as well as a swollen nose, nasal congestion, and watery eyes. A few people also experience headaches, fatigue, and decreased concentration.
Common allergic rhinitis symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:
The symptoms tend to worsen during the evening due to the dust mites present in bedding, more nasal congestion during sleep, and continual exposure to allergens in the indoor environment. During the time of pollen season, the allergens that are found on hair and clothing can cause symptoms at night.
A lot of people wake up with severe congestion and sneezing due to exposure to allergens throughout the night. Pet allergens and dust mites, as well as normal changes in inflammation over the course of the night, are all possible causes of the symptoms that arise in the morning.
Yes. Rhinitis caused by allergies can affect sleep and lead to chronic nasal congestion. Both of these can contribute to fatigue. Many suffer from headaches because of pressure in the sinuses in the morning, sleep disturbances, and chronic inflammation.
Different conditions can produce symptoms similar to those of allergic rhinitis. Examining the triggers, symptoms, and duration may help to determine the most likely trigger.
Sneezing, itchy eyes, and other symptoms that last for weeks are often signs of allergic rhinitis. The more common colds result in body pain, fever, and sore throats, and typically improve within one to two weeks.
Sinusitis is a common cause of facial pressure, pain, and mucus that is discolored. Itching is the most common cause of allergic rhinitis, including watery eyes, sneezing, and itching. But if it is not treated, allergic rhinitis could increase the likelihood of having sinus issues.
Non-allergic rhinitis can cause similar symptoms, but without any trigger that is allergic. The most common causes are cigarette smoke and strong fragrances, as well as hormone changes, changes in weather, and excessive use of medication. The majority of allergy tests are negative.
The allergic rhinitis process occurs when the immune system misinterprets harmless particles as harmful. In reaction, your body produces histamine as well as other chemicals that cause inflammation in the nose.
Common allergens include:
The presence of indoor allergens is a key cause of chronic allergic rhinitis since exposure happens throughout the season.
Yes. Allergy rhinitis can manifest at any time. Allergies that develop in adulthood are more common and can occur following the move of a move, changing jobs, exposure to allergens that are increased, or when you get a new pet.
The family history of a person increases the chance of developing allergic rhinitis. Anyone with relatives who suffer from allergies, asthma, or eczema has a higher chance of developing allergic conditions of their own.
It is typically diagnosed by a symptom evaluation as well as trigger review and medical background. Your physician may ask you what symptoms are present, whether they are seasonal or continuous, and if they impact the quality of sleep or your daily routine.
The two most important allergen tests are:
Testing is offered via NHS services for allergy, hospital specialists, or privately-owned allergy clinics. Test results must always be considered in conjunction with symptoms and a clinical history.
The best treatment for allergic rhinitis typically combines allergy prevention and treatment. Antihistamines that do not induce sleep are generally appropriate for mild cases, and nasal corticosteroid sprays can typically be advised for severe allergic rhinitis that is moderate to severe.
Antihistamines with no drowsiness are typically recommended for studying, work, and driving.
Yes. Corticosteroid nasal sprays can be one of the most effective treatments for allergic rhinitis. They help reduce inflammation within the nose and may aid in reducing sneezing, congestion, and irritation of the nose.
Regular usage is crucial since the greatest benefit could take anywhere from one to two weeks to build.
Immunotherapy seeks to lessen the immune system's sensitivity to certain allergens over the course of time. It is offered in the form of injections that are administered by specialists or as sublingual tablets.
This type of treatment is generally reserved for patients with specific symptoms that persist despite conventional treatment.
Pharmacists can offer:
They can also advise the time when symptoms need to be examined by the GP.
If the symptoms persist despite treatment, a second assessment might be required. A doctor can look over your symptoms, evaluate the trigger, assess your medication regimen, and talk about additional treatment options.
If your symptoms don't respond to standard treatments, you can schedule an appointment with one of our physicians to examine your symptoms and go over the complete possibilities of treatments available.
There is no known long-term cure for allergic rhinitis. However, the symptoms can usually be managed successfully with the avoidance of allergens, medications, and, in certain instances, the use of immunotherapy.
Many people looking for ways to treat allergic rhinitis for the long haul are seeking a method to eradicate the symptoms. Although the susceptibility to suffer from allergies in a lot of cases is not eliminated, long-term symptom management is possible for a lot of people.
Children may overcome allergies, and immunotherapy can provide lasting relief for chosen patients.
Home-based management strategies can reduce exposure to allergens and enhance the management of symptoms.
Saline rinses help remove mucus and allergens from your nasal passages.
To limit the exposure to allergens in indoor environments:
Inadequately treated allergic rhinitis can impact the quality of sleep, concentration, and overall quality of life. Chronic inflammation can also increase the chance of developing sinus problems and can contribute to poor control of asthma.
Yes. Instant nasal inflammation can alter the normal drainage channels, increasing the chance of having recurring middle or sinus problems.
Yes. Asthma and allergic rhinitis are tightly related. Allergy UK reports that more than 40% of those suffering from allergic rhinitis also suffer from asthma. Managing nasal symptoms may help support better asthma control.
Children may experience signs like mouth breathing, snoring, bad sleep patterns, frequent nose rubs, and trouble focusing at school. Parents should talk to their doctor if symptoms persist or are affecting their daily lives.
It is recommended to speak with a GP in the event of:
Talk to us about the most appropriate treatment for severe allergic rhinitis.
The symptoms can last for the duration of time that exposure to the allergen that triggers symptoms persists. Seasonal symptoms can last for several months, while persistent allergic rhinitis could persist throughout the entire year.
It isn't usually risky, but it could greatly impact the quality of life, sleep, concentration, and control of asthma.
All-year-round symptoms are typically caused by allergens in the indoor environment, such as house dust, mould spores, mites, and pet dander.
No. Allergy rhinitis isn't likely to cause a real fever. An increase in temperature could indicate some other health issue.
The prevention of triggers and the use of appropriate allergy remedies can bring relief from symptoms. The treatment that is most effective depends upon the extent and root of the symptoms.
Certain people show improvement with time, especially children. But most people require continual treatment to manage symptoms.
A variety of antihistamines are approved to be used regularly when used as directed. Talk to the GP and pharmacist should you require longer-term treatment.
Dr Simon Khela (MBChB, MRCGP) is Medical Director at Private Medical Clinic and an experienced Private GP with a special interest in Sport, Exercise, and Functional Medicine. He is passionate about preventative, personalised care and advancing healthcare through digital innovation and cutting-edge therapies.
